Wrap trajectory forward projection fender vault roof vault or somersault.
Roof vault pedestrian impact.
In particular the injury severity score was highest in the roof vault group.
Wrap forward projection fender vault roof vault and somersault.
Pedestrian injury patterns are analyzed for each of the trajectory types.
1981 classified pedestrian post impact kinematics as one of the following conditions.
Chest and abdomen were the most severe in the fender vault group and head and neck injuries were the most severe in the roof vault group.
Five basic kinematic trajectories have been identified for frontal collision cases and are described as.
The wrap trajectory and forward projection are the most common impact scenarios and are the only ones investigated in this study.
And the associated injury risks are compared.
The fourth impact orientation is the roof vault which begins initially like a wrap trajectory but in this case the pedestrian s legs do not stay ahead of the vehicle.
Kinematics of pedestrian collisions ravani et al.
Due to the impact forces the legs continue to rotate upward with the pedestrian essentially standing on his head on or near the roof line.